›FINANCEan agreement in which a company offers shares to its creditors (= banks and organizations that lend it money) so they will reduce the amount of its debt: The debt-for-equity swap could create more than 1.5 billion new shares.
›ECONOMICS, FINANCEa financial arrangement in which a country's government gives local currency, shares, etc. to foreign investors who agree to pay part of the government’s foreign debts: The Treasury Secretary needs to establish a viable debt-equity swap program if it hopes to attract private foreign capital.